منابع مشابه
Whistler intensities above thunderstorms
We report a study of penetration of the VLF electromagnetic waves induced by lightning to the ionosphere. We compare the fractional hop whistlers recorded by the ICE experiment onboard the DEMETER satellite with lightning detected by the EUCLID detection network. To identify the fractional hop whistlers, we have developed software for automatic detection of the fractional-hop whistlers in the V...
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In this paper, we describe our progress in identifying and tracking storms at multiple scales from satellite infrared (11-micron Band 4) and visible (Band 1) channels. Storms are identified by clustering the pixels in the input images using spatial-contiguity-enhanced K-means clustering. Identified clusters are then processed morphologically to yield self-consistent storms. Identified storms (a...
متن کاملNear-infrared spectroscopy of H3+ above the barrier to linearity.
Since the Royal Society Discussion Meeting on H3+ in 2000, the laboratory spectroscopy of H3+ has entered a new regime. For the first time, transitions of H3+ above the barrier to linearity have been observed. A highly sensitive near-infrared spectrometer based on a titanium:sapphire laser and incorporating a dual-beam, double-modulation technique with bidirectional optical multi-passing has be...
متن کاملConvected Charge in Thunderstorms
The charge transport within thunderclouds by the convective motions of the cloud is examined. I n the presencc of the primary positive dipole, shielding charge distributions are formed within thc lower and upper cloud boundaries as the result of ion conduction from the free air and ion capture by droplets and precipitation in peripheral cloud layers. Cloud droplets positivcly charged by the con...
متن کاملThunderstorms Don’t Get Butterflies
One important limitation on the accuracy of weather forecasts is imposed by unavoidable errors in the specification of the atmosphere’s initial state. Much theoretical concern has been focused on the limits to predictability imposed by small-scale errors, potentially even those on the scale of a butterfly. Very modest errors at much larger scales may nevertheless pose a more important practical...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Geophysical Research Letters
سال: 1997
ISSN: 0094-8276
DOI: 10.1029/97gl02753